1899 – The St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association was granted a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria. The Association seeks to preserve the lives of people in Scotland by the provision of education and emergency first aid at events throughout Scotland.

1912 – The Cunard liner RMS Carpathia brought 705 survivors to New York from the RMS Titanic that had sunk on on 15th April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton. Titanic’s engineers, who battled below decks to try and keep Titanic afloat are commemorated on a monument in Southampton.

1946 – The birth of Hayley Mills, English actress, daughter of actor John Mills and sister of actress Juliet Mills.

1949 – The Republic of Ireland Act came into force as Eire (Southern Ireland) became a Republic and left the British Commonwealth.

1949 – The first ‘Bob-a-Job week’ began when 440,000 British Scouts started a nationwide campaign to raise the £22,000 needed to cover the deficits of the Scout movement. In the first year £60,000 was raised. The variety of jobs undertaken included a 13 year old who spent four hours cleaning the silver at 10 Downing Street.

1960 – At least 60,000 demonstrators gathered in Trafalgar Square to mark the end of the Aldermaston to London ‘ban the bomb’ march.

1968 – London Bridge was sold for £1m to American oil tycoon Robert McCullough. He decided to knock it down, brick by brick, and have it re-built at Lake Havasu in the United States.

1980 – Rhodesia became Zimbabwe at midnight and independent from Britain. Canaan Banana was the President and Robert Mugabe the Prime Minister.

1986 – Guinness, the giant brewery business, won their battle to take over the equally large spirits combine, the Distillers Group. The manner of the takeover was later investigated by the Director of Public Prosecutions and led to arrests of top financial figures including the Guinness chief executive, James Saunders.

1988 – In the House of Commons, the 16th-century symbol of the Speaker’s authority, the Mace, was damaged by Ron Brown, Labour MP for Leith, when he flung it to the floor during a debate. It was described by his own supporters as ‘a childish stunt’ and led to his 20 day suspension.

1994 – West Indian batsman Brian Lara broke the record for the highest individual score in Test Cricket when he scored 375 against England in Antigua.

2013 – The death of Hillsborough justice campaigner Anne Williams, at the age of 60. She fought relentlessly for the new inquest into her son Kevin’s death in the 1989 football tragedy. He was one of 96 Liverpool fans who died as a result of a crush during an FA Cup match at the Sheffield stadium.